ABSTRACT
Convergence of Information & Communication Technology ( I C T ) & Healthcare Technology in the digital era has resulted the Innovative digital healthcare devices which allows us easy & accurate care of health & diseases. Due to technological advancements the miniaturization of diagnostic instruments to Smartphone connected Mobile health (mHealth) devices such as iECG, Handheld Ultrasound & Lab-on—a-cheap technologies, Bluetooth Stethoscope leads us to patient care with less cost improved treatments. In the area of state—of—the-art review on mHealth, we need to provide good framework for the advanced mHealthcare & training for the frame work & Digital India can go too far through Healthcare MOOCs ( Massive Open Online Courses ). We shall have to train ourselves, both the Physician & the general people through MOOCs
KEY WORDS: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGY, LIBRARY 2.0 TECHNOLOGY, SUPERHIGHWAY, NETWORKING, SICIAL SHARING, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES. MOOC, Health care, mHealth, TELEMEDICINE, CLINICAL DIAGONOSTICS, DIGITAL INDIA,
Digital India is a Government of India program. It is to ensure that the Government services will be available to all the citizen of India by improving the electronic infrastructure &through increasing the Internet connectivity. Making India digitally empowered in the field of Information technology. It started in 2015.Government of India planned to connect India through high speed Internet network. For this purpose these plans are taken to create the digital India—
1. Creation of Digital Infrastructure.
2. Delivery of services digitally.
3. Making the people of India literate through Digital literacy
According to DeitY (Department of electronics & Information Technolgy), This umbrella program connecting various departments of Government of India.
1. It aggregates together large ideas into a comprehensive one vision so that each may be seen as a part of the one.
2. It is managed by DeitY & implemented through all ministries of the Government of India.
3. Thus weaving together making the Mission fulfilling to a transformative totality.
Vision is founded on the NINE PILLARS identified by
The Government of India. These are as follows:-
1. Broadband Highways of Internet connections.
2. Public Internet.
3. Information for everyone.
4. Early Harvesting program. 5. Universal access to Phones.
6. Information Technology for Jobs.
7. E-Kranti- Electronic delivery services.
8. E-Governance- Reforming Government through technology. 9. Electronic manufacturing. Targets net zero import.
India Government has planned to offer various E-governance services like 1. Digital Locker. 2. E-education. 3. E-health, 4. E-sign. 5. National scholarship portal across the country through cloud computing platform.
Target up to 2019 of the Government of India- Target as – 2.5 lakh Indian villages will have Broadband connectivity & universal phone connectivity & there will be public Wi-Fi hotspots for the citizens of India. India will have trained 1.7 core of IT workforce & Telecom domain personnel, India will lead the world in terms of use of IT services in various sectors ranging from Banking, Health & Education etc. etc.
Global giants like Google, Tesla, Qualcomm, Microsoft etc companies will join with India to the growth of India’s IT infrastructure to empower India in the field of IOT ( Internet OF Things) & Analytics.
Google led by Sundar Pichai, will help to build wireless Internet & Wi-Fi net connection to 500 Railway stations across India.
Microsoft CEO, Satya Nadella will implement low cost broadband connections to the Five lakhs villages of India.
Foreign companies have already started setting up a manufacturing base in India.
Launching of various Mobile Apps by Government of India like MyGov. Aadhar, Swachha Bharat mission & MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) Apps etc. reflecting the intent & pace of work. We are going ahead to this journey of transformation, there are hopes in every Indian mind that we will reach the goal which is our destination.
It is the field where Physicians use diagnostic tests to start medical treatment that which will work best for each & individual patient. It is becoming more important part of the modern patient care
Pharmaceutical & Diagnostic Industries are investing more & more in this field.
Dr. Peter Edelstein, Chief Medical Officer of Elsevier Clinical Solutions says that – Personalised health care will be at the forefront of Medicine into the next decades. He foresees that Patients & Doctors being able to identify Disease risk & manage disease & treatments in a “ Truly individual, DNA-based way.’’
Recent trend shows that Preventive Health services & use of wellness programs can save lives & money. Increasing wellness programs , specially through Smart Phones that is mHealth Apps more & more people are looking through health care interactions through the health care system.Victoria Tiase, MSN, RN-BC, Director of Information Strategy at New York, Presbyterian Hospital predicts that- “ There will be an even greater shift from “ Illness “” to “Wellness”” in the future with
an increase innovations that allow patients to see & understand their own state of wellness at all times.”
To keep up with this trend s we shall have to prepare us with proper Health care Start Ups to built & to tran the Physician & the People both.
In patient care HIT will be used to collect patients’ Clinical & other information. It will allow the patient self –management. It has a great importance of Health care & treatment. mHealth Information are now a days used widely for health care & its management.
mHealth Apps are used for –
1. Education & awareness.
2. Helpline for the Patients.
3. Diagnostic & Treatment.
4. Communication & training for the health care workers.
5. Disease & epidemic outbreak tracking.
6. Remote monitoring & data collection.
7. Tele-Medicine for the treatment of the patients.
SOME mHealth Apps are there & some must be created through Digital India Program & for this purpose some Start-Up groups must be created through the Digital India Initiative.
Compulsion of maintaining Electronic Medical Records ( E M R ) for public and private hospitals in all Block level major cities and villages.
Standardisation of healthcare fee structure
Check against unnecessary medications and tests
Automated daily bill notification for all patients
Check for bed availability via mobile app
Online database for hospital facilities and available resources
Post surgical medical treatment Health care Apps.
Healthcare using IOT ( Internet Of Things )
Patient data check using AI ( Artificial Intelligence )
24/7 online chat bot for common health related queries.
Video consultation via mobile apps for Tele-Medicine purposes.
Medicine price check with mobile app
Daily international & national updates on Medical sciences of various fields.
International standards of clinical parameters & their normal values, so that general people can understand their situation & can go ahead accordingly, consulting with the Doctors.
National Database of Blood banks & availability of blood of various groups.
National Database of Voluntary Blood donors associations of India..
National Database of Rare blood group blood donors & normal blood donors.
Database of Band drugs & Life saving & Essential drugs with prices.
Database of National & different states of Indian Drug controllers.
Database of Patented & Non patented & Expired patented drugs of National & International origin.
Database of Generic, Non generic & Generic patented & non patented Drugs with Prices of all Drugs.
Patient can purchase the drugs according to their pocket. Doctors are misguiding the patients & prescribing costly & unwanted & band drugs also for their personal & company interest.
Database of Organ transplantation with daily updates & the list of Patients who needs organ transplantation.
Database of All India Organisations who are working for organ transplantation.
All the Patients Clinical information must be connected with the Aadhar Card for future need & references for further treatment if required.
Demographic Databases of various Diseases of National & International origin.
Treatment Protocols of Indian National, American & various European Nationals.
Database of Doctors various fields of Indian national & International origin that can help the treatment process.
I think these must be there in INDIA for proper treatment & to get the necessary information for the healthcare management & other necessary reasons which are required before, during & after treatment of any patient.
Digital devices help to solve the Clinical problems. Classified mHealth technologies have developed Smart phone health “Apps ‘’ currently 160000 Apps available. There are smart phones wearable & wireless devices, such as Handheld-imaging platforms, miniaturized sensor based technologies. Hypertension, Diabetes, & Heart Failure(HF), Medication monitoring etc have gone a significant advanced technologies. Data transfer increasing & mHealth devices have become an essential workflows.
There are Analogous to Smart phone based devices. Continuous Blood pressure, Glucose monitoring Technologies are also developed by B Pro, Health Stats Inc. It is approved by FDA, USA in 2014. It is used for Tonometry by applying mild pressure to partially flatten the Radial artery to acquire the measurement of Central Aortic Systolic pressure. The Systolic wave form produces a digital blood pressure signal from the Radial artery to the watch which transmits at 5 minutes intervals & recorded for 24 Hours.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring with minimally invasive sensor technologies by Dexcon. It requires implantation of a small transcutaneous electrode into subcutaneous tissue of the Abdomen or Arm, where a Glucose oxidised chemical reaction produces a current reflecting intestinal Glucose concentration. The Electrical signal is converted into Glucose concentration & it is transmitted to a Smart phone or a Tablet computer at 5 Minutes interval for real time monitoring.
Now a day’s Blue tooth Stethoscope doing the Auscultation of Heart sound & treating the patients. Especially it helps Doctors & he may consult with other senior Doctor who is far of place. Through Blue tooth technology Heart sound may reach to that Doctor within few second times.
This Blue tooth technology got the permission of Food & Drug Administration, U S A in 2015.
These are Nanoparticle Biosensors which are fully implantable. These sensors act as a ‘ Fuel gauge’ transmitting internal measurements of Physiological function through a step towards digitizing the human body.
It is observed that mHelth & Telemedicine are low cost & widely accessible interventions which includes Text messaging & Smart phone Apps are effective in Prevention & Cure of various Diseases. Improves Medication adherence, prevent Diabetes risk patients. Self measurement of improved Glycemic control in HbA1C. Through it control & improvement of Blood pressure also done.
Digital retention—Effective use of Mobile smart phone based mHealth devices may occur, when patient understand the Electronic technologies, Internet & Smart phone technology.
In United Kingdom a survey shows that Pulmonary Diseases, Diabetes, Heart failure outcomes was reduced & less hospitalization occurred.
MOOCs ( Massive Open Online Courses )—These are available free of cost. Some are paid, nominal fees to be paid for these courses. These courses are available through Web portals & through Social media platform also. Connectivism & Connectivity Knowledge, 2008 of the University of Minnesota, Canada by Stefan Downs & George Siemens established these credit courses. Downs & Siemens started using BLOGS, Forum, Face book, Wikipedia platforms connecting the courses & extending the boundaries of these courses. About 2200 Articles are there in those MOOCs.
Dev Cormier, University of Prince Edward Island & Bryan Alexander, National Institute For Technology in Liberal Education invented the term ‘MOOC’ & used it.
( Mc Auley & et al. 2010 ).
There are separate platforms & separate marketing modules of separate supply chain for different students of different areas & aims. The end resultant is the credentials after finishing the courses. Identity of the courses & credits are categorically mentioned there in the MOOCs. With the same idea there are KHAN Academy, Selor Foundation, Google course Builder, Peer to peer University, ALISON & UDEMI platforms are also MOOCs (Siemens 2013. )
MOOCs courses are open source education system outside the University. UDACITY CSI101 Computer Science 101 course has enrolled 3 lakh students. It is the largest MOOC as per Wikipedia 2013.
Considering the High school students on 2012 University of Miami, Global Academy started online MOOC to help the students of Biology SAT Subjects Test preparation.
In MOOCs there are no bars of country barrier. No Nationality, Cast, Creed, Profession or Educational bar. The courses are time to time revised & uploaded automatically.
INDIAN MOOCs- Government of INDIA, Human Resource Department under the National Mission On Education Through Information 7 Communication Technology ( NME- ICT Program Initiative started on 11th March, 2016. The target of this plan is qualitative Educational Resources use to enhance the Educational base of the people throughout the country.
For all the Positive action of mHealth & to reduce the hindrances, health related MOOCs are very important & effective. To fulfill the Digital India Plan Government of India has taken a positive role for MOOCs. We shall go forward accordingly & must succeed for the better Health care & treatment.
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